Druid's Temple
The Druid's Temple is a Regency-era folly in open woodland near the Yorkshire village of Ilton, near Masham. The folly was loosely modelled after Stonehenge and illustrates the fanciful ideas about Druids held by Georgian and early-Victorian antiquarians.
The circle and stone altar
HISTORY
William Danby (1752-1832) was an eccentric 19th-century country squire, a former Sheriff of Yorkshire and the owner of Swinton Park, near Masham. In the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars, the residents of Danby's Yorkshire estates were suffering from a serious economic depression, so he decided to do something about it.
Danby was inspired by the stone circle at Stonehenge, which leading antiquarians incorrectly assumed had been created by the Druids of Celtic Britain. He decided to create his own Druid's Temple, modelled loosely on Stonehenge.
The stone circle entrance portal
He hired unemployed workmen and paid them one shilling per day to create a fanciful folly based on a circle of standing stones. The stones ranged up to 10 feet high and formed an arrangement measuring 100 feet long. The standing stones were arranged around a low stone altar. At the back of the circle was a cave in the style of a tomb.
There are two large stone circles. One is in the form of a vesica piscia (intersecting circles creating an eye-shaped outline) that has four monolithic standing stones and a central monolith like a phallic symbol on a stepped base. Three more stones form a screen to an antechamber, and beyond that is a circular chamber centred on the altar, or sacrificial stone. Beyond that is the tomb area.
On the hillside overlooking the circle is a large column carved with the signs of the zodiac.
The 'hermit's tomb'
Aside from the main temple, there are clusters of standing stones throughout the nearby woodland.
Not only did Danby design the temple, but he also hired a 'hermit' to live in the 'tomb' for seven years. The hermit was instructed to remain mute and let his hair and beard grow. It was always going to be a difficult task; the successful hermit lasted only four years in his role and it was rumoured that the requirements of the job drove him insane.
The Druid's Temple was built at a time when there was growing interest in British history - and a lot of confusing speculation that wasn't founded in facts. Antiquarians like Danby hearkened back to an idyllic golden age of British history, ruled by a Druidic elite.
The temple is fascinating not only as one of the most interesting follies in England but as an example of what the early 19th-century English wanted to think about themselves and their heritage.
Looking out from the 'tomb'
The Druid's Temple made an unexpected appearance in the national press in 2000 when Baroness Masham of Ilton argued in the House of Lords in favour of restricting public access to the countryside because, in her words, 'there has been Devil worship there'. According to Baroness Masham, her secretary was taking her dog for a morning walk and discovered a pig's head on the stone altar.
NOTE: The most commonly accepted date for the Druid's Temple is sometime around 1820. The official English Heritage listing, however, gives a date of around 1800.
Don't mistake this Druid's Temple folly in Yorkshire with the similarly named and entirely authentic Druid's Circle in north Wales.
GETTING THERE
The Druid's Temple is in woodland at the end of Knowle Lane, just north of the village of Ilton and four miles west of Masham. From Masham take Swinton Road ( signposted to Ilton). Carry on through Ilton and look for Knowle Lane off to your left in one mile. Follow the lane to a parking area at the Swinton bivouac cafe and campsite.
From the parking area, a signposted trail leads into the woodland and the Druid's Temple. There is an information panel near the parking area with a map of the site, but there is no information at the Temple itself.
About Druid's Temple
Address: Knowle Lane, Masham, Yorkshire Dales, Yorkshire, England Attraction Type: Historic Building Location: In woodland past the end of Knowle Lane on the Swinton Estate north of Ilton. The nearest postcode is HG4 4JZ. Parking area at Swinton bivouac café and Campsite.
Location map OS: SE174786
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